Question 1

Is it possible to buy the pictures that you see being created in the videos?

Accepted Answer

The same applies here as with merchandise (e.g. clothing featuring the WI logo), which we are often asked about. As a charitable foundation, we are unfortunately not permitted to make a profit from sales; instead, we are funded exclusively by donations. Here’s a tip, though: we always credit our photographers, and some of them do offer their photos for sale – Fabian Mühlberger, for example. There are also a few photos available in Robert Marc Lehmann’s Mission Erde shop.

Question 2

Is there any Wilderness International merchandise? Can you buy the expedition clothing featured in the videos?

Accepted Answer

As a charitable foundation, we are not permitted to make a profit from the sale of goods. The T-shirts and expedition clothing that you often see in our videos are donations in kind from various partners and, due to the small quantities involved, are intended solely for the WI team.

Question 3

What happens if the foundation ceases to exist?

Accepted Answer

A foundation is the most enduring organisational structure currently known. Neither companies, nor states, nor national parks are designed to last for such the long term. This makes the foundation the only entity aligned with the lifespan of the ecosystems we protect. Foundations are established as independent legal entities, which enables them to exist autonomously – independent of political structures. They are also independent of individuals and cannot be inherited, as they do not belong to any one person alone. A foundation always belongs to the community of people who are committed to its purpose at any given time. Even if the founding organisation no longer exists, the foundation continues to exist as an independent legal entity. Furthermore, foundations are established with a clear purpose and a set of articles of association. These define the foundation’s mission and the use of its financial resources. Even as the organisations around it change, the foundation’s core purpose remains unchanged. Consequently, foundations often endure across several generations, in contrast to organisations that are heavily dependent on individuals. Furthermore, foundations often operate with an endowment that is invested and maintained over the long term. This creates a financial foundation that remains stable even in the face of changes in the fundraising landscape or other uncertainties. Should Wilderness International cease to exist for any reason, legal mechanisms would ensure that the foundation is continued in accordance with its articles of association, or that the funds are transferred, in line with the foundation’s purpose, to a comparable organisation with very similar aims and objectives. That other organisation would then have the responsibility to care for and preserve the rainforest areas in the same spirit over the long term. We are very aware of this risk, and we are constantly building up reserves so that this scenario will never arise. And last but not least, we have such a wonderful community that we are confident we will receive plenty of support even in difficult times.

Question 4

What is the value of Wilderness International’s endowment?

Accepted Answer

The endowment capital consists of €50,000 in founding capital and €158,000 in endowment capital. The endowment capital must not be touched; rather, it serves to safeguard the foundation.

Question 5

What does WI Peru do?

Accepted Answer

Our sister foundation, Wilderness International Peru, has been actively campaigning for the protection of the tropical Amazon rainforest since its foundation in 2019. We are currently focusing our efforts on the Madre de Dios region, where our conservation areas are situated along the Tambopata River. You can see the exact locations here . You can find more information about our conservation area, the “Secret Forest”, here . Chris Kirkby, President of Wilderness International Peru, coordinates the search for, exploration of and purchase of new conservation areas on the ground. WI Peru is also active in environmental education. As part of the WI Peru Educa programme, the team aims to provide people living near our conservation areas with even more knowledge and arguments as to why it is important to take action now to protect the rainforest and its inhabitants. Another key local project is the agroforestry project , which aims to sustainably protect local ecosystems, minimise the causes of deforestation and work with families to develop alternative sources of income. You can find out more about our local projects here . The forest rangers at WI Peru carry out regular monitoring and protection of our forest areas directly on the ground. They patrol our protected areas every day and are supported in their work by wildlife cameras, drones and audio sensors. WI Peru also works closely with our partner organisation, Fauna Forever, on biodiversity research in our areas. Wilderness International Peru’s headquarters are in Puerto Maldonado. You can find out more about WI Peru here .

Question 6

What does WI Canada do?

Accepted Answer

Since its foundation in 2008, our sister foundation, Wilderness International Canada, has been actively committed to the protection of the temperate rainforest on the west coast of British Columbia, as well as to environmental education and projects with local First Nations. This is because British Columbia – home to the last large contiguous area of temperate rainforest – is, of all places, one of the last jurisdictions in the world that still permits the large-scale felling of primeval giants aged between 600 and 1,800 years . The team is therefore focused on identifying, evaluating and purchasing new protected areas, as well as forging partnerships and launching new projects. You can find out more about the “Misty Forest” in Canada here , and view the exact locations of the protected areas here . You can find more information about the temperate rainforest here . One successful joint project with the First Nations was a wilderness run in the Cowichan Valley. WI Canada was also involved in the ‘Protect the Peel’ project in collaboration with the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS) and the Gwich’in. You can find out more in the trailer “Save the Peel Watershed Wilderness” . You can find out more about our local projects here . Wilderness International Canada’s headquarters are in Stony Plain, near Edmonton. You can find more information about WI Canada here .

Question 7

What does WI Germany do?

Accepted Answer

What does WI Germany do? Just like its two sister foundations in Peru and Canada, Wilderness International Germany is committed to the protection of wilderness areas, as well as to related environmental education and research. Much of the data from scientific studies carried out in our protected areas is also analysed by the German team and adapted for educational purposes. We run environmental campaigns with our partners and ambassadors, forge new partnerships and manage donations. The WI Germany team is also responsible for maintaining our website and further developing our donation tool. Through various projects, we actively champion restoration, biodiversity and environmental education. We collaborate extensively with schools and have carried out a number of joint projects in the past, such as educational talks, charity runs and school playground greening initiatives. Our ‘Wilderness Runs’ at schools are still an integral part of many curricula. To this end, we have developed a new, digital concept that enables schools to get involved themselves. We were also part of the tree-planting initiative “Mein Baum – Meine Stadt” for many years and are still a recognised nature conservation centre of the State of Saxony in Dresden. You can find out more about our local projects here .

Question 8

Why does Wilderness International operate globally rather than regionally?

Accepted Answer

Climate change is a global problem, not a local one. It is important to understand that the interconnections are global; in other words, Germany (and the rest of the world) benefits just as much from the protection of the rainforests in Peru and Canada as Canada and Peru themselves do. Principle: The greatest crises of the future are the climate crisis and the biodiversity crisis (see the ‘Planetary Boundaries’ concept). If we deploy every euro donated on a global scale, it will have a greater impact than if we focus on regional initiatives: Climate change knows no national borders – which is why it does not matter where we take action against climate change and species extinction. What matters is that we do so where the impact is greatest. And that is the case in Canada and Peru. With regard to the climate: when it comes to CO 2 sequestration, the temperate rainforests in our protected areas in Canada are world leaders . Nowhere else do trees and forest bogs – some of which are up to 2,000 years old – sequester as much CO 2 . As for biodiversity: our protected areas in Peru are among the most biodiverse regions in the world (see here ) So much of nature has now been destroyed that restoration is becoming increasingly important. Restoration is only possible if there are still intact ecosystems from which the process can take place. That is why wilderness conservation is the fundamental basis for all environmental projects. In Germany, there are no longer any wilderness areas of any significant size. In Canada’s temperate rainforest, there is still unspoilt nature, a high level of biodiversity and trees that are thousands of years old. Thanks to the low purchase price, we can permanently protect very large, ecologically valuable areas in Canada with little money, whilst ensuring legal certainty. We therefore believe that this is where we can make the most effective use of donations and voluntary work. Nevertheless, nature conservation projects in Germany are important and worthy of support; unfortunately, the impact of regional initiatives is not as great.

Question 9

What sets Wilderness International apart from other NGOs?

Accepted Answer

We want to do something very specific , highly effective and immediately tangible , and give every single person the opportunity to get involved by helping to protect a unique piece of precious nature for all time. The tangible impact of our work and donations Every € donated protects one specific square metre of ancient rainforest for all time. We have purchased this land, as evidenced by a land registry entry, and it is now funded by the donors. We are driven by a passion for protecting irreplaceable ecosystems. Our reward is every additional square metre of habitat that we can protect for all time. The effectiveness of our work was also recognised in 2023 with the Phineo WIRKT! seal of approval. Transparency We use precise coordinates to ensure that every donation can be traced down to the exact square metre. We know the areas we protect very well because we carry out rapid assessments before purchase and visit them regularly on expeditions, or, as in Peru, have them monitored by our forest rangers. Direct involvement is of paramount importance to us. We also ensure transparency through the use of drones and other technical tools by capturing high-quality, georeferenced aerial images. Effectiveness, Urgency & Irreversibility Primeval forests are habitats for a vast array of biodiversity and are therefore incredibly important for the conservation of species diversity. They are also hugely important for the climate (CO 2 sinks, cool environments, clean air, water reservoirs, regular rainfall, nutrient-rich soils, etc.). For us, these forests are also a place of peace and tranquillity. This makes primeval forests an all-round solution to the environmental problems of our time. However, only 2.8 per cent of the Earth’s surface remains wild ( Plumptre et al., 2021 ). This means we must act now to protect these last remaining areas. Once they are gone, they are lost forever. Long-term sustainability It is important to us that protection is absolutely secure and long-term, as we take our cue from the lifespans of ancient ecosystems and trees, which can survive for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. The foundation’s organisational structure enables this long-term and secure protection, as foundations are not tied to individual persons or political structures. In this way, we protect forest areas in a truly sustainable manner, rather than merely for the next 30 years (as many nature conservation organisations do), or just for the duration of our own lifetimes. We only purchase woodland areas that are registered in the land register. This ensures the maximum possible long-term legal certainty of protection. A positive focus in our work, positive motivation We focus on positive communication, inspiration, motivation and enthusiasm to achieve our shared goal. We do not try to appeal to your conscience by constantly highlighting all the terrible things happening in the world and for which we are responsible. Instead, we want to show you solutions – concrete and effective actions you can take right here and now to make a real difference and contribute to a future worth living. We want to motivate you positively by informing you about the importance of wild nature and thereby sparking your enthusiasm. The scientific foundation of our work The diverse professional backgrounds of our active staff ensure a multidisciplinary approach. Through collaborations with scientific partners such as the Leipzig Centre for Environmental Research, ETH Zurich, the Senckenberg Natural History Collections and Fauna Forever, we ensure the quality of our work. We also carry out long-term studies on biodiversity and CO 2 sequestration in our protected areas during scientific expeditions. Everything under one roof From research, through the purchase of land and long-term conservation, to documentation through photographs and films, CO 2 calculations, expeditions and so on, we have no middlemen. We do everything ourselves and thus have full control over and responsibility for the process. This also helps us to keep costs down. A small and flexible organisation Volunteer work is a cornerstone of our work. Since our foundation, Wilderness International’s administrative costs have always been below 10 per cent, and in most years even below 5 per cent.

Question 10

Who is Wilderness International, and what does the organisation do?

Accepted Answer

Wilderness International is a non-profit environmental organisation with a single goal: to protect the Earth’s last remaining unique forests and wilderness areas for ever. To this end, Wilderness International purchases plots of land through registration in the land register, thereby ensuring their legally secure and permanent protection. The land purchases are funded by donations towards so-called ‘wilderness sponsorships’. Wilderness sponsors receive a personalised certificate stating the exact geographical coordinates of the protected forest area. WI Germany and WI Canada were founded in 2008 by 25 people from six countries, representing 24 different professional fields and aged between 18 and 69. In 2019, the Peruvian organisation dedicated to protecting the tropical rainforest joined the initiative. Today, Wilderness International consists of three sister foundations: In addition to the founding donors, Wilderness International Germany is supported by eight members of the Foundation Board, three members of the Executive Board, our operational team, many volunteers and countless donors, partners, sponsors and supporters. You can find out more on the “Wilderness International Germany” page . At Wilderness International Canada, alongside Tobias Hürten and Kai Andersch, Marco Lou, Tyler Bruce and Stephen Gabrysh also work directly on the ground to manage our partnerships, land acquisitions, expeditions and the protection of our forest areas. Volunteers, donors and supporters are also actively involved here. You can find out more under “Wilderness International Canada” . At Wilderness International Peru , the seven founders form the board of trustees. On the ground, the organisation’s president, Dr Chris Kirkby, works alongside a team of forest rangers and the rest of the operational team to oversee the protected areas, carry out research and biodiversity monitoring in the forests, the search for and purchase of new plots of land, and projects with local schools, communities and partners. You can find more information on the “Wilderness International Peru” page .

Question 11

What does Wilderness International do?

Accepted Answer

Wilderness International purchases wilderness areas in a legally secure manner and protects them for generations to come. These purchases are funded by donations, which not only ensure the long-term protection of the areas but also enable environmental education projects and research into CO 2 sequestration and biodiversity. Donors receive a personalised certificate showing the exact geographical coordinates of the protected forest area, so that the protection can be directly traced. We are currently active in the temperate rainforest of western Canada and the Amazon rainforest of Peru, where we are protecting ancient primary rainforests.

Question 12

Who is cutting down the world’s rainforests? And why?

Accepted Answer

The reasons why people clear these forests are complex. It is not a case of mindless destruction – often, people see deforestation or gold mining as the only and quickest way to improve their financial situation and feed their families. Very few can afford to make long-term investments. Furthermore, there is a lack of specialist knowledge and training in alternative sources of income such as ecotourism or agroforestry. This is precisely where our projects in Peru come in, as we aim to offer as many Peruvians as possible an alternative source of income. We also see an important part of our work as fostering an early understanding of the forest and its inhabitants, for example through local school projects or the local scholarships we award. This is precisely where our projects in Peru come in, as we aim to provide as many Peruvians as possible with an alternative source of income, for example through our forest ranger programme . We also see an important part of our work as fostering knowledge and understanding of the forest and its inhabitants from an early age, for example through our agroforestry project , our environmental education programme WIPerú Educa , or local research grants that we award to young Peruvians.

Question 13

Why does the deforestation of large areas of (rain)forest affect the climate?

Accepted Answer

Every tree that is felled and removed from the forest will, sooner or later, rot away or be burnt – whether it has been turned into paper that has been recycled seven times or a piece of furniture that has been passed down through the generations. A carbon store that has built up over millennia in the forest’s biomass is thus released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide within a very short space of time. Deforestation not only results in massive CO 2 emissions, which accelerate global warming. Forests also fulfil many other vital functions for our global climate, which are not only lost through deforestation but actually have an additional negative impact on the climate. The drought and heat that follow forest loss, in turn , have a negative impact on the forests: scientists estimate that with a temperature rise of around 4 degrees Celsius and a deforestation rate of 20–25 per cent, the Amazon rainforest would turn into savannah over large areas. Furthermore, as deforestation also leads to the loss of nutrient-rich topsoil and the irreversible displacement of species, even reforestation can never restore the original conditions. Between 1/8 and 1/6 of all annual emissions are caused by deforestation and the drainage of peatlands – meaning that the loss of forest cover has a greater impact than the global transport sector. And the worst part is this: for every tree we fell, we not only release more CO 2 into the atmosphere, but we also destroy our greatest ally in the fight against climate change.

Question 14

How much virgin forest or wilderness is left in the world that we could protect?

Accepted Answer

Currently, 2.8 per cent of the Earth’s land surface remains intact , and naturally our aim is to preserve these areas. As far as rainforest is concerned, there are still 67,149,825 hectares of virgin forest, at least in Peru. According to our current plan, we would therefore need €671,498,250,000 for their long-term protection. In British Columbia, Canada, there are still 22.6 million hectares of virgin forest – here, we would therefore need €226 billion in donations. Unfortunately, however, we do not currently know what proportion of these areas is registered in the land registry and is actually available for purchase.

Question 15

How are local communities involved in Wilderness International’s projects?

Accepted Answer

We are absolutely convinced that it is only by working together with the people of the region that we can protect the primeval forests in Canada and Peru in a sustainable way. We are also committed to social sustainability and therefore involve as many stakeholders as possible in forest conservation. Local projects in Peru increase acceptance amongst landowners and offer them the opportunity to continue supporting the region’s natural environment in the future. We have also set up a forest ranger programme with local people. Our Forest Guardians regularly patrol the forest areas, ensure their protection, maintain contact with the local community, and, together with our researchers, develop environmental education materials and assist with biodiversity monitoring. To protect the Madre de Dios region sustainably, minimise the causes of deforestation and develop alternative sources of income together with local families, we launched our agroforestry project in December 2023 and joined forces with two local agroforestry pioneers – Camino Verde and Fundo Ten Paciencia. The aim of the project is to train farmers in agroforestry and sustainable farming practices. In addition, the WI Peru team has launched an environmental education project designed to instil in local people a greater understanding of and enthusiasm for the rainforest and its inhabitants, and to provide them with arguments as to why it is important to actively protect this fragile ecosystem. This includes themed events in towns and communities, various projects in schools, and visits by schoolchildren directly to our research station in the Secret Forest. In Canada, our existing protected areas are uninhabited, as they are quite isolated. The Wilderness International Canada team consists mainly of Canadians who are also promoting environmental education and our conservation goals within the country, for example through partnerships with organisations such as whale-watching agencies, which raise awareness of complex ecological interrelationships, or other local research or nature conservation organisations. In the past, we have organised environmental ambassador programmes, through which German school pupils were able to engage with local people and First Nations on environmental conservation issues. We hope to be able to resume these programmes in the future. Looking ahead, we do not rule out the possibility of jointly purchasing plots of land for nature conservation in partnership with Indigenous peoples or First Nations in Canada. It is very important to us that this collaboration takes place on an equal footing. Naturally, we would never displace anyone from their homeland for the sake of nature conservation. If our approach helps local people (whether Indigenous or not) to combine environmental protection with their traditions, ways of life and sustainable livelihoods, then we see such partnerships as a wonderful opportunity to generate synergies. The involvement of local communities in our projects is also highlighted by Rainer Kant of BAUM e.V. in his independent process assessment : “The integrative approach is evident in the way Wilderness International links various sectors of society: environmental and climate protection are combined with educational work, technological innovations and economic financing models. Businesses, schools, researchers and local indigenous communities are actively involved, creating synergies between civil society, the business sector and academia.”

Question 16

Why should I get involved in nature conservation in Canada and/or Peru?

Accepted Answer

The preservation of the world lies in the wilderness. By this we mean that by preserving the wilderness, we preserve the very foundations of our own existence. Here are the details: Unique and species-rich nature The tropical rainforest of the Madre de Dios region is a unique ecosystem; its primeval forests are home to the world’s greatest biodiversity. Mysterious jaguars and playful monkeys are just as much at home here as clumsy tapirs and giant trees draped in lianas. There are ten times as many reptiles and amphibians here as in Germany; around 10 per cent of all the world’s bird species can be observed here; and in one hectare of forest, you can find more tree species than in the whole of Europe – to name but a few examples. Furthermore, the area is home to endemic animal and plant species that have adapted so thoroughly to the local ecosystem that they can only survive there. To date, 477 bird species, 162 amphibian and reptile species, and 92 mammal species (including 48 large mammal species and 44 bat species) have been recorded in the Secret Forest in Peru. By way of comparison: Germany is home to just 21 species of amphibians, 15 species of reptiles and 25 species of bats. The temperate rainforest in Canada is no less spectacular. These primeval forests, too, are home to a unique diversity of species, giant trees thousands of years old and beautiful raised bogs, whose underground biomass stores up to three times as much carbon as the forests of British Columbia. Rare ghost orchids are at home here, as are bears, wolves and eagles. The older forests become, the greater their genetic diversity and the better the reproductive capacity of their inhabitants. In this way, primeval forests guarantee the survival of countless species and are essential for the conservation of biodiversity ( Gibson et al., 2011 ). Only if existing, intact ecosystems are preserved can rare or threatened species spread out from there once more. This is an essential prerequisite for the restoration and rehabilitation of damaged forests, land and soils – particularly those affected by desertification, drought and flooding. Some functional groups, such as fungi, lichens and beetles, take up to 180 years to recover following the deforestation of their habitat, yet they never return to the levels seen before the destruction. These slow recovery rates of certain functional groups, which are essential to the functioning of the ecosystem, make primary forests an irreplaceable resource for biodiversity ( Spake et al., 2015 ). In Germany, too, there were once extensive primeval forests with ancient trees. The fact that nothing remains of them today shows that wilderness cannot be taken for granted. It is our responsibility to protect the remaining wilderness areas, wherever they may be. Climate preservation The rainforest plays a major role in the greenhouse effect – the warming of the atmosphere – in several ways. Firstly, large quantities of CO 2 are sequestered in the rainforest’s biomass – with the temperate rainforests of western Canada leading the world in this respect. Nowhere else do trees and forest bogs sequester as much CO 2 – in the Misty Forest, the figure is over 60 kg per square metre! Furthermore, trees with a large diameter store extremely large amounts of carbon ( Mildrexler et al., 2020 ). If the forest is felled or cleared by fire, huge quantities of CO 2 are released. Estimates suggest that around 10 to 15 per cent of annual CO 2 emissions are attributable to slash-and-burn practices ( Wille, 2018 ). By protecting these forests, we ensure that the carbon remains sequestered and does not return to the atmosphere as CO 2 , where it would accelerate global warming. Greenhouse gases are distributed evenly throughout the atmosphere – it is therefore irrelevant where emissions are produced or avoided. What matters far more is that the global concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is reduced. Rainforests are also of paramount importance for the climate because they balance out temperature differences and regulate global rainfall patterns. Without the cooling and water-storage functions of rainforests, vital rainfall would be lost, leading to increasingly hot and dry conditions. Furthermore, forests produce vital oxygen and filter the air. Protecting Peruvian and Canadian rainforests therefore makes a tangible contribution to stabilising the climate. You can find out more here . Acute threat The scientific community describes the effects of rainforest destruction as the greatest natural disaster since the last Ice Age. 2024 was a tragic record year for forest loss. In the space of a single year, a record 6.7 million hectares of tropical forest were lost – an area equivalent to the size of the whole of Panama ( WRI, 2025 ). The majority of this destruction was caused by man-made fires, which are often used to clear land for livestock grazing or agriculture. The ongoing loss of forest is having catastrophic effects on biodiversity. The extinction of a single plant species is often linked to the extinction of a further 10 to 30 animal and plant species, as most organisms in the rainforest are interdependent ( Siebert, 2011 ). Millions of species have thus disappeared along with the forest in recent decades. Yet whilst almost everyone is aware of the threat to and the value of the Amazon rainforests, hardly anyone speaks of Canada’s forgotten ecosystem: British Columbia (BC) is home to the world’s last large contiguous area of temperate rainforest ( DellaSala, 2010 ). There is still virgin forest there. And yet, unfortunately, the timber industry in Canada is one of the country’s most important economic sectors, and BC, of all places, is one of the last jurisdictions on Earth that continues to permit the large-scale felling of 600–1,800-year-old primeval giants ( Wu, 2019 ). Between 2003 and 2010, deforestation in BC alone was responsible for annual CO 2 emissions of 49.5 megatonnes ( Wieting, 2015 ) – more than the whole of Finland. Only around 25 per cent of the original area of temperate rainforest remains in Canada. These remaining areas are threatened not only by the timber industry but also by the creation of new agricultural land, urban sprawl and the construction of new infrastructure, as well as Canada’s withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol. The threats to the regions in which our protected areas are located – and thus the significance and additionality of our project – have also been confirmed by the independent expert report by Rainer Kant of BAUM e.V. Saying thank you to nature The natural balance can only be maintained if we stop merely taking and start giving in return. It is therefore time to finally give back to nature once again. Let’s say thank you for everything it provides us with – let’s protect it.

Question 17

Why is it important to donate NOW? Would that patch of rainforest be destroyed without my donation?

Accepted Answer

The rainforests in Peru and Canada are among the last remaining intact wilderness areas on our planet – and are, sadly, under acute threat. 10–15 per cent of all annual emissions are caused by the destruction of these forests and their peatlands – which is why we must act now! Numerous studies confirm the threat to the rainforests in Peru and Canada. In Peru: According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), around 10 million hectares of tropical rainforest were lost each year between 2015 and 2020, with the Amazon region suffering the most damage ( FAO and UNEP, 2020 ). There is no sign of this trend abating, as even in 2024 the destruction of primary forests remained well above the politically set targets ( Forest Declaration Assessment, 2024 ). In 2024 alone, an area of primary forest larger than the whole of Belgium disappeared in Latin America ( Forest Declaration Assessment, 2024 ). Peru holds the grim distinction of ranking third in this regard ( Jong, 2024 ). In the Tambopata region in particular – where our conservation areas are located – there has been significant pressure on the forest for agricultural development and gold mining since the completion of the motorway to Brazil. On this online map , you can see the deforestation that has taken place over the last 20 years in the region around Puerto Maldonado, where we are active. You can also see the deforestation in the region on this online map , which shows our protected areas. The historical development of deforestation is also very well illustrated in the video by YouTuber Tomary , who was with us in Peru. In his independent expert report , Rainer Kant of BAUM e.V. has also confirmed that the areas we protect in the Madre de Dios region would no longer exist at present or in the coming years were it not for our work. In Canada: Everyone is aware of the value of the Amazon rainforest and the threats it faces. Yet hardly anyone talks about the forgotten ecosystem of the temperate rainforest in British Columbia: This is home to the world’s last large contiguous area of temperate rainforest ( DellaSala, 2010 ). And yet British Columbia, of all places, is one of the last jurisdictions in the world that continues to permit the large-scale felling of primeval giants aged between 600 and 1,800 years ( Wu, 2019 ). The main causes of this are the timber industry, agriculture and infrastructure development. The Ancient Forest Alliance ’s online map (2016) provides a striking visualisation of how deforestation in south-eastern BC had progressed by 2016. In his independent expert report , Rainer Kant of BAUM e.V. has confirmed that the last remaining undisturbed areas of temperate rainforest in Canada are under threat from forestry companies seeking timber, agricultural corporations expanding farmland, urban sprawl, construction and infrastructure, and by Canada’s withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol – and therefore require our protection. If we lose the last remaining intact rainforests, this will have catastrophic consequences for our planet. The concept of planetary boundaries states that there are certain ecological limits; exceeding these endangers the stability of the Earth’s ecosystem and, consequently, the future of humanity. Numerous studies show that we are well on the way to exceeding at least five of the nine planetary boundaries, also known as ‘tipping points’. One of these is the loss of tropical rainforest. We can already feel the effects of climate change, but we still have the chance to avert the worst consequences, as the summary of the book ‘ Earth for All ’ shows.

Question 18

What is WI doing in terms of environmental policy to promote the conservation of wilderness areas?

Accepted Answer

Wilderness International’s primary aim is the practical protection of wilderness areas. Environmental policy measures can often only be achieved through very lengthy, resource-intensive processes, and experience shows that their success is often short-lived. That is why we focus on practical environmental conservation, thereby directly preserving ecologically valuable habitats. As well as purchasing wilderness areas, we work in partnership with local communities. We support local stakeholders in highlighting environmental issues and bringing them to global attention. This approach enabled us to secure the protection of the Peel River Watershed, a wilderness area the size of Austria in northern Canada. You can find further information about the project here . Our concrete, active approach is, however, political in the sense that we do not simply rely on proxy politics or wait for top-down change, but take action ourselves. Given the urgency of the situation, we aim to use our resources wisely. We promote environmental policy change by bringing about positive change at the local community level. In this respect, we see political engagement as a continuous, everyday endeavour that is rooted in people’s hearts and reflected in their actions.

Question 19

How can we protect the forest from fire?

Accepted Answer

Fortunately, naturally occurring fires are hardly a problem in an intact rainforest (whether temperate or tropical). Large-scale fires in particular are extremely rare. The intact rainforests in our protected areas are simply too damp for any fires started there not to die out of their own accord. In the event of a fire, however, the affected area would also regenerate naturally. Fires are usually caused by human activity and are better able to spread across fragmented areas of rainforest surrounded by large tracts of farmland or forestry monocultures. That is why it is so important to protect the largest possible contiguous areas of forest. However, in the event of a fire, the area would also regenerate on its own. You can track current and past fires on the website https://www.globalforestwatch.org/map/. There you can see that our protected areas are not affected by fires.

Question 20

How secure are your plots of land against expropriation? What would you do in such a situation?

Accepted Answer

The protected areas in Peru and Canada are carefully selected and acquired in a legally sound manner. In both countries, the likelihood of expropriation is extremely low. Should this nevertheless occur, we would take legal action and campaign for the preservation of these valuable natural areas.

Question 21

What are the penalties for illegal logging in Peru and Canada?

Accepted Answer

This depends entirely on the individual case and can range from the seizure of timber and equipment, fines and the revocation of licences (e.g. for concession areas) to criminal prosecution.

Question 22

What happens if the boundaries of protected areas are not respected and illegal activities take place?

Accepted Answer

We have a multi-layered mechanism in place to prevent this from happening in the first place. You can find out more here: How do you ensure the long-term protection of these areas?

Question 23

Do you also buy cleared land with a view to reforesting it?

Accepted Answer

We focus on protecting the primeval forests that are still there and remain intact. Once forests have been destroyed (and, in some cases, even converted to agricultural use), they are, in principle, irretrievably lost, and it becomes more difficult to allow a healthy, species-rich rainforest to re-establish itself on cleared land. When areas are restored, biodiversity can only spread again from ecologically intact areas. And it would take thousands of years for a similarly valuable, old and species-rich forest to re-emerge there. Reforestation projects also harbour certain risks. Soils that are particularly rich in carbon store huge quantities of CO 2 . When the soil is tilled for reforestation, this carbon comes into contact with oxygen – and is released into the atmosphere as CO 2 over many years! Of course, it doesn’t help to replace natural, species-rich grasslands with monocultures, thereby destroying valuable open-country ecosystems. Furthermore, many afforestation projects are inadequately monitored – many of the trees supposedly already planted worldwide cannot be verified. If done correctly, however, afforestation can certainly be a solution. But for it to be truly effective, strict criteria are needed: afforestation should only take place on previously forested land; only native tree species should be planted; the highest possible level of biodiversity should be taken into account; and high survival rates must be ensured. Planting trees is no substitute for forest conservation – it is only a meaningful measure if carried out in accordance with scientific standards. The preservation of existing rainforests remains the most effective strategy for climate and species conservation!

Question 24

Does ‘protected for ever’ really mean for ever?

Accepted Answer

‘Forever’ really does mean ‘forever’ – or, at least, for as long as the foundations exist. The areas protected by Wilderness International are privately owned by the foundation. This means that all three sister foundations (Germany, Peru, Canada) are the owners of the land. The foundation’s organisational structure prevents the rights to dispose of the property from resting with a single individual and ensures its long-term survival. What is so special about a foundation? A foundation is the most long-term organisational concept currently known. Not even states, companies or national parks are designed to last that long. Many foundations are very old, some dating back over a thousand years. This makes the foundation the only entity aligned with the lifespan of the ecosystems we protect. A foundation operates independently of political structures and, in some cases, of states. It receives its endowment, which is always preserved, for the purpose of the foundation. It is independent of any individual and cannot be bequeathed, as it does not belong to any one person alone. A foundation always belongs to the community of people who are committed to its purpose at any given time. The legal form of a foundation, unlike any other, allows a (charitable) purpose to be realised permanently and independently of external interests, thereby achieving the desired long-term effects. Examples of some foundations that are over a thousand years old: since 1161: Johanneshof Foundation, Hildesheim since 1177 St. Johannis Convent of the Virgins, Lübeck since 1184: Magdalenen Hospital, Münster Our articles of association stipulate that the land must be left undisturbed and may only be visited for research and documentation purposes. This entire structure ensures that the protected areas remain secure even in the event of a change in operational management. If other organisations do not own the land they protect, they can only guarantee its long-term permanence to a limited extent. Without ownership, external factors such as political changes, economic pressure (e.g. rising value of agricultural land) or social conflicts can jeopardise the long-term conservation of the forest. With the three sister foundations of Wilderness International owning the protected areas, long-term protection is permanently secured.

Question 25

How do you ensure the long-term protection of these areas?

Accepted Answer

We protect the areas we have selected exclusively by purchasing them and registering them in the land register, in countries with a high degree of legal certainty. All three international foundations (Peru, Canada, Germany) are registered as owners in the land register. The forest areas we have purchased as foundations can no longer be bought from us, and we are also no longer permitted to sell them. The foundation’s organisational structure prevents the rights to dispose of the property from resting with a single individual and ensures its long-term survival. You can find out more about the longevity of the foundation concept here. Our articles of association stipulate that the plots of land must be left undisturbed and may only be visited for research and documentation purposes. In Canada: Due to their remoteness and the fact that the area is undeveloped, our protected areas in Canada can only be reached at great financial, material and time-related expense, and not without risk. Furthermore, the high level of legal certainty in Canada ensures that damage to land results in severe penalties. The British Columbia Trespass Act explicitly prohibits trespassing on private land. Violations are prosecuted in court upon complaint, even if no damage has been caused. Furthermore, we visit and monitor the areas as part of regular research trips and have partnerships with local companies that support us. In Canada, we also benefit from the fact that property is held in very high regard for its cultural and historical value and is respected. In Peru: In Peru, we have Forest Guardians on the ground whose day-to-day duties include monitoring our protected areas and preventing unauthorised entry. By using drones, the Guardians can survey a larger area, and special sensors trigger an alarm instantly if, for example, a fire breaks out or the sound of chainsaws is detected. In addition, we work there with the organisation ‘Fauna Forever’, which also has a permanent presence on the ground and, as part of its research projects, patrols and monitors our areas. Furthermore, the Forest Guardians are in direct contact with the local population, promote our conservation objectives within the community, erect information signs and actively work on community projects – such as our current agroforestry project – to show the local population ways to benefit from the rainforest without clearing it. Should a conflict nevertheless arise, we report poachers and other individuals acting illegally to the local law enforcement agencies (such as the police, lawyers and authorities), and work closely with them.

Question 26

Why is it better to protect existing forests than to plant new trees?

Accepted Answer

Global warming is a pressing issue, and swift and effective action is needed to halt it. With only a limited budget available, we must carefully weigh up which option is best for ensuring a healthy climate through trees. For example, if €100,000 is invested in protecting existing forests, our model shows that 100,000m 2 of virgin forest will be protected with immediate effect and thus saved from deforestation. If you wish to plant new trees, it is advisable to invest twice that amount to acquire a comparably large piece of land (depending on current land prices) and to reforest it with tree and shrub species that are suitable for the location and promote biodiversity. Tree plantations and planted forests take around 25 years to become ‘climate-positive’, and even then they achieve only a fraction of the biodiversity and biomass of primeval forests. In the first few years after planting, tree plantations actually carry a heavy ‘CO 2 burden’. This is made up of the greenhouse gases emitted during the nursery phase and the planting process. Furthermore, the soil emits additional CO 2 after planting. Nevertheless, it is important and beneficial to plant trees today! It will help the climate in 25 years’ time and makes sense wherever trees and forests naturally belong but would not regrow on their own. It is also an effective way of removing impervious surfaces in urban areas, allowing trees to provide a cooling effect (in cities, etc.). However, the most important measure for stabilising our climate is the protection of existing, intact forests.

Question 27

Does Wilderness International plant new trees as well?

Accepted Answer

In the past, as part of the ‘ My Tree – My Dresden ’ project, we were able to plant over 110,000 trees and shrubs together with many supporters, thereby enriching the landscape in and around Dresden with species suited to their locations and bee-friendly. We have decided to bring this large, wonderful but also very resource-intensive project to a close, and are now channelling our resources to where our help is desperately needed: the endangered Amazon region in Peru, and British Columbia on Canada’s west coast. The forests there are still true primeval forests. They are among the last intact land areas on our planet and are characterised by extraordinary biodiversity and gigantic trees, some of which are thousands of years old and store vast quantities of CO 2 . These forests influence our global climate by filtering and cooling the air, producing oxygen, storing and purifying water, generating rainfall, and providing a unique refuge for the survival of many animal and plant populations. The Amazon rainforest, in particular, is regarded as one of the so-called ‘tipping points’ that could throw the global climate out of balance – unless we protect this ecosystem in the long term.

Question 28

How does Wilderness International select the areas of land to be protected?

Accepted Answer

We select the plots of land based on their particular need for protection, in consultation with scientific partners and nature conservation experts. Key factors in this selection process include biodiversity, biomass, CO 2 storage capacity, geographical location and acute threats. We assess these parameters on site through so-called ‘rapid assessments’ before finalising the purchase.

Question 29

Where exactly are the plots of land purchased by Wilderness International located?

Accepted Answer

Our protected areas in Canada are situated in British Columbia, on Canada’s north-west coast. They consist of individual large tracts of land which, taken together, form what we call the ‘Misty Forest’. Specifically, the conservation areas are situated, for example, in the Toba Valley – a river valley on the coast north of Vancouver – on Porcher Island, Read Island and Calvert Island, as well as on the mainland, for example in parts of the Rocky Mountains. Our conservation areas in Peru are situated in the Madre de Dios region on the Tambopata River. We have named these areas the “Secret Forest”. The nearest town is Puerto Maldonado. Here you can find more information about our conservation areas, along with an online map of each individual plot of land.

Question 30

How much forest has Wilderness International protected so far?

Accepted Answer

On our homepage, you’ll always find the latest figures on the square metres protected so far – that is, the areas that have already been funded through donations and ‘adopted’. Of course, we have other plots of land that do not yet appear on our online maps , as, for example, the high-resolution drone images are still being processed.

Question 31

How does Wilderness International persuade landowners to sell their land? Surely other industries could pay more?

Accepted Answer

Securing land that is of interest for industrial purposes such as deforestation or mining requires a combination of strategic approaches and compelling arguments that go beyond purely financial incentives. Success depends on a combination of environmental, social and long-term considerations, which are often more important to sellers than short-term profits. To this end, we often hold discussions with potential sellers for months or even years. Here are the key approaches: Legally secure and long-term protection Wilderness International guarantees that, following purchase, the land will be used exclusively for nature conservation and will be permanently preserved in its original state. Many landowners, particularly indigenous communities or people with a connection to nature, wish to ensure that their land is not used for environmentally harmful industrial purposes. It is this trust in long-term protection that sets Wilderness apart Collaboration with local communities Wilderness International works closely with local and indigenous communities to respect and incorporate their interests. Indigenous landowners, for example, often prefer partners who support their culture and way of life, rather than industries that would exploit the land. The organisation often offers additional support programmes, such as education or sustainable income-generating opportunities, which bring long-term benefits to the communities. Arguments for environmental and social responsibility Industries often have short-term interests, such as timber extraction, agriculture or mining. Wilderness International, on the other hand, emphasises the long-term value of the forest: as a carbon sink, a habitat for animals and plants, and a source of clean water and air. Many landowners see the value of their land not only in economic gain, but in its importance for the environment, future generations and the conservation of biodiversity. Financial security through a donation model Wilderness International often offers immediate and fair payments. This is particularly important in regions where landowners have no financial reserves and need the proceeds from the sale quickly. Industries, on the other hand, often negotiate for longer, offer deferred payments or try to drive down the price. Trust and partnerships The organisation builds trust through transparent communication and by demonstrating that it actually protects the land and does not resell it for commercial purposes. Partnerships with reputable local organisations and governments further strengthen landowners’ trust. No Destruction of Land or Culture Landowners, particularly indigenous communities, are often sceptical of industries that might extract raw materials from their land or destroy it. Wilderness International guarantees that the land will remain untouched, which is a key consideration for most landowners. Emotional connection to nature Many landowners have a personal or cultural connection to their land. They often make a conscious decision not to sell to industries that could destroy this connection, and prefer buyers such as Wilderness International, who respect the value of nature.

Question 32

From whom does Wilderness International purchase the plots of land it aims to protect?

Accepted Answer

We purchase the plots of land we protect mainly from private individuals, but also from forestry companies, businesses or mining speculators. Although these parties have often owned the land, they have not (yet) used it for commercial activities, meaning that the ecosystem remains intact and has been little affected by human activity. In most cases, private owners have inherited the land or it has been in the family for a long time. However, most owners live in the city or further away from the wilderness areas themselves, so they have no personal interest in using the land we acquire. They are far more interested in making money from the sale. If Wilderness International were not to purchase the plot of land, it would very likely fall into the hands of individuals, forestry or agricultural corporations seeking to generate revenue through deforestation, the sale of timber, and agricultural or forestry use. As part of every rapid assessment carried out prior to a land purchase, we establish direct contact with the owners and protect ecologically valuable areas that are at risk of destruction or that represent important strategic plots of land for us. Often, potential sellers approach us of their own accord because they are aware of the economic implications and the importance of nature conservation, which is why they wish to hand over their land to us to preserve the local flora and fauna. When we are actively seeking new areas, we approach the owners of ecologically valuable and geographically suitable plots of land (e.g. for wildlife migration corridors, or areas adjacent to our conservation areas) and ask whether they are interested in selling their land to us and thus bequeathing it to a trust that can protect the area for much longer than a private individual would be able to.

Question 33

Is it possible to protect (primary) forests in Germany too? If so, why doesn’t WI do that?

Accepted Answer

When it comes to the global climate and the conservation of biodiversity, protecting the temperate and tropical rainforests in Canada and Peru is a significantly more effective lever – or, rather, a greater and faster one – than the forests in Germany. Yet we have very little time left to protect the Earth’s last remaining primeval forests before they disappear forever. The loss of these forests would not only mean that they could no longer fulfil their global ecosystem services, but also that huge quantities of CO 2 would be released into the atmosphere, which would have catastrophic consequences for our climate. In Peru and Canada, there are still intact ecosystems and primeval forests with a high level of biodiversity and trees that are thousands of years old. We are not currently protecting any forests in Germany because, unfortunately, there are no comparable wilderness areas of significant size here and hardly any primeval forest remains. Thanks to the comparatively low purchase price, we can use less money to provide permanent, legally secure protection for very large, ecologically valuable areas in Peru and Canada. In Germany, these primeval forests first need to be restored, as in recent decades forests have been converted into forestry monocultures, much like in industrial agriculture. Nevertheless, it naturally makes sense to protect German forests as well. For us, it is not a question of ‘either/or’, but rather of ‘both/and’. Protecting smaller, fragmented areas is generally more expensive, as the administrative and maintenance costs are higher. Added to this are stricter regulations and significantly higher land prices. Our projects in Germany focus primarily on environmental education. If you want to protect forests in Germany, we can recommend the Primeval Forest Project run by Peter Wohlleben’s Forest Academy . This project clearly demonstrates that it is considerably more expensive to protect forests in Germany. Furthermore, these forests are not protected indefinitely, but only for 30 years. However, that does not mean that forests in Germany do not also need to be protected!

Question 34

Do the Canadians and Peruvians support the project as well?

Accepted Answer

Most Canadians are absolutely thrilled when they hear about our project and get involved straight away. Unfortunately, many people in Canada are still unaware that resources are finite. Furthermore, timber harvesting is a traditional and very important sector of the economy with an influential and financially powerful lobby, much like the car industry in Germany. Whilst there are Canadian NGOs campaigning to protect the remaining wilderness areas, their political influence is limited. However, we do have a number of partners in Canada who are working alongside us to preserve the temperate rainforests, and our WI Canada team also consists largely of local people. The situation is similar in Peru. Many Peruvians who get to know us and our project are keen to get directly involved. This is also true of our local partners, who are delighted that our organisation is purchasing and protecting their land. We work with local organisations and employ many Peruvians at WI Peru, both in the office and directly within our protected areas as forest rangers or in our environmental education projects. Unfortunately, in day-to-day political and global economic life, short-term profit is all too often prioritised over the long-term preservation of the livelihoods of all inhabitants of planet Earth. We must therefore not only protect the rainforest from short-term profit motives, but also educate the local population about the rainforest’s importance to humanity and offer them a viable future with alternative sources of income that do not involve the destruction of the rainforest.

Question 35

Are there any preventive measures against deforestation in general?

Accepted Answer

These do exist – both preventative measures that can be applied globally and those that are very site-specific. Generally speaking, research, environmental education and science communication help to inform people about structures and patterns, enabling them to make climate-friendly decisions. Raising awareness about more sustainable consumption choices in Germany also has an impact on the rainforests in North and South America. At a local level, the aim is to minimise the drivers of destruction. The most effective preventive measure is the creation of alternative, sustainable sources of income, although these may look different in Canada than they do in Peru. Precisely because there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution, it is important to take local circumstances and local knowledge into account when implementing preventive measures, so that helping people to help themselves works effectively.

Question 36

What role does the temperate rainforest in Western Canada play?

Accepted Answer

When you think of Canada, images of dense forests and untamed nature spring to mind. And with good reason: 70 per cent of the country consists of large natural areas. 34 per cent of Canada’s land area is covered by forest, 53 per cent of which is primeval forest. In total, Canada is home to 20 per cent of the world’s remaining wilderness areas, yet this pioneer’s dream of endless expanses is fading. Everyone is aware of the value of – and the threats to – the Amazon rainforest. Yet hardly anyone speaks of British Columbia’s forgotten ecosystem: it is home to the world’s last large contiguous area of temperate rainforest. This primeval forest is a wonder of nature. It is home to wild coastal wolves, salmon-fishing bald eagles, mystical spirit bears, rare carnivorous sundews and gigantic primeval giants such as maple trees, Alaskan cedars, Douglas firs and giant thuja trees, which can reach ages of up to 2,000 years and heights of 100 metres. This makes the primeval forests of western Canada the most species-rich ecosystem in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, the forests, primeval giants and forest bogs in our Canadian protected areas are absolute champions of CO 2 storage and one of the most important ‘sinks’ in the Earth’s carbon cycle. And yet British Columbia, of all places, is one of the last jurisdictions in the world that continues to permit the large-scale felling of primeval giants aged between 600 and 1,800 years. Between 2003 and 2010, deforestation in British Columbia alone was responsible for higher annual CO 2 emissions than the whole of Finland. The main causes are the timber industry, agriculture and infrastructure development.

Question 37

What role does the tropical rainforest play in Peru?

Accepted Answer

More than half of Peru’s land area is covered by forests. This makes the country home to the world’s fourth-largest area of tropical rainforest – after Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Indonesia. In 2018, 87 per cent of this area was still virgin forest. The forests of the Amazon Basin are the largest contiguous rainforests on Earth. This means they are not only a huge CO 2 sink, but also generate their own weather – a unique water cycle that carries rain from the Atlantic up to 5,000 km into the west of the continent. The only thing that sustains this water cycle is the vast extent of the contiguous rainforests. At the same time, the Amazon rainforests play a vital role in cooling the surrounding environment and purifying the air of pollutants. Over the millennia, these rainforests have also produced the oxygen in the atmosphere that is essential for our survival. Furthermore, the rainforests in the Madre de Dios region are considered the most biodiverse place on Earth! Thanks to favourable climatic conditions and geological history, there are 10 times more reptiles and amphibians here than in Germany. Around 10 per cent of all the world’s bird species can be observed there, and on one hectare of forest you can find around 400 tree species – more than in the whole of Europe north of the Alps! Unfortunately, however, the forest is under serious threat: according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) , between 2015 and 2020 around 10 million hectares of tropical rainforest were lost each year, with the Amazon region suffering the most damage annually. In 2020 alone , an area of primary forest the size of Israel disappeared – that’s more than 22,000km 2 .

Question 38

What role do wilderness areas and primeval forests play in the global climate? Why do we need to protect them?

Accepted Answer

Wilderness areas are the only places where natural processes can take place undisturbed. It is only here that countless species can find a suitable habitat and a refuge in which to survive. Even when areas are restored to their natural state, biodiversity can only spread again from ecologically intact areas. Rainforests are of particular importance to us because they are the most species-rich ecosystems on Earth and are therefore incredibly important for species conservation. Rainforests, along with their palm swamps and forest bogs, are also essential for a healthy global climate. They store vast quantities of CO 2 , cool the surrounding environment and ensure stable rainfall. Furthermore, they form an important part of our livelihood: many of our everyday products come from them, ranging from foodstuffs such as bananas and coffee, through timber, to personal care products and medicines. In general, wilderness areas – wherever they may be – have many positive effects on us and the entire planet: clean air, clear water, nutrient-rich soils, biodiversity and climate preservation. They offer havens of peace for retreat and relaxation, stunning landscapes, as well as space for adventure, challenge, or even a return to our roots. Natural areas largely untouched by human activity are becoming increasingly rare and are therefore treasures for us and future generations. Natural environments altered by industrialisation, mining or agriculture can only be restored at great expense and with a huge amount of effort. That is why we are convinced that protecting ecosystems that are (still) intact brings the greatest benefit to environmental conservation. In Germany, too, there were once vast primeval forests with ancient trees. The fact that nothing remains of them today shows that wilderness cannot be taken for granted. It is our responsibility to protect the remaining 2.8 per cent of intact wilderness areas on our planet. The natural balance can only be maintained if we stop merely taking and start giving in return. It is therefore time to finally give back to nature once more. Let us say thank you for everything it provides us with, and let us protect it.

Question 39

What does ‘wilderness’ mean to Wilderness International?

Accepted Answer

We define wilderness as ecologically intact natural landscapes that have not been affected by human activity, or have been affected only to a very limited extent.

Question 40

How do you work with the local community?

Accepted Answer

In Peru, for example, we work closely with local people as part of our forest ranger programme. They patrol the areas regularly and champion our conservation cause within the community. For instance, they put up signs, talk to local people about our forest conservation projects and, where necessary, intervene to stop unauthorised access. In this way, the forest rangers also earn a sustainable livelihood. In Canada, we not only work with partner organisations but can also look back on some fantastic collaborations with First Nations. These include a wilderness run and several nature conservation expeditions with the Cowichan of Vancouver Island, as well as our joint efforts to protect the Peel River Watershed with the Gwich’in of Fort McPherson.

Question 41

What obligations does sponsorship entail for me?

Accepted Answer

There are no further obligations on your part. The donation is a one-off payment and enables us, as a foundation, to ensure the long-term protection of the area. The sponsorship is symbolic. The woodland remains the property of the foundation.

Question 42

Why is it important to protect the rainforest?

Accepted Answer

It is important to protect the rainforest because this is the only way we can halt species extinction and climate change. They are home to the greatest biodiversity in the world and store huge amounts of CO 2 . It is also important to protect rainforests because they are the basis of our existence: they provide us with clean air, clean water and a stable rainfall pattern. They also help to cool the surrounding environment.

Question 43

How can we ensure that the protected area is preserved for all time?

Accepted Answer

In Canada, we are aided by the high level of legal certainty and the legal framework, as well as the penalties – which even prohibit trespass – and the cultural and historical significance of property. In Peru, we have also launched a forest ranger programme in collaboration with local people. We have put several measures in place to ensure long-term protection. Generally speaking, we visit the areas on regular expeditions to check that everything is in order. We also work with local partners who inform us if necessary. The donations per square metre also already include the costs of property tax. The legal form of the foundation, unlike any other, enables it to fulfil a (charitable) purpose permanently and independently of external interests, thereby achieving the desired long-term effects. It is thus the most long-term organisational structure currently known. Not even states, companies or national parks are designed to last that long. This makes the foundation the only organisation oriented towards the lifespan of the ecosystems we protect.

Question 44

Why is the rainforest so important to us? What makes the rainforest so special?

Accepted Answer

Rainforests are so important to us because they are the most species-rich ecosystems on Earth. Countless species find a suitable habitat in intact rainforests. They are therefore incredibly important for species conservation. Rainforests, along with their palm swamps and forest bogs, are also essential for a healthy global climate. They store huge amounts of CO 2 . They also cool the surrounding environment and ensure stable rainfall. Rainforests also form an important part of our livelihood in other ways: many of our everyday products come from them, ranging from foodstuffs such as bananas and coffee, through to timber, and including personal care products and medicines. Furthermore, rainforests purify the air of exhaust fumes, filter water and maintain nutrient-rich soils.

Question 45

Why is it important to donate NOW? Would that patch of rainforest be destroyed without my donation?

Accepted Answer

The rainforests in Peru and Canada are among the last remaining intact wilderness areas on our planet – and are, sadly, under acute threat. 10–15 per cent of all annual emissions are caused by the destruction of these forests and their peatlands – which is why we must act now! Numerous studies confirm the threat to the rainforests in Peru and Canada. In Peru: According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), around 10 million hectares of tropical rainforest were lost annually between 2015 and 2020, with the Amazon region suffering the most damage ( FAO and UNEP, 2020 ). There is no sign of this trend abating, as even in 2024 the destruction of primary forests remained well above the politically set targets ( Forest Declaration Assessment, 2024 ). In 2024 alone, an area of primary forest larger than the whole of Belgium disappeared in Latin America ( Forest Declaration Assessment, 2024 ). Peru holds the grim distinction of ranking third in this regard ( Jong, 2024 ). In the Tambopata region in particular – where our conservation areas are located – there has been significant pressure on the forest for agricultural development and gold mining since the completion of the motorway to Brazil. On this online map , you can see the deforestation that has taken place over the last 20 years in the region around Puerto Maldonado, where we are active. You can also see the deforestation in the region on this online map , which shows our protected areas. The historical development of deforestation is also very well illustrated in the video by YouTuber Tomary , who was with us in Peru. In his independent expert report , Rainer Kant of BAUM e.V. has also confirmed that the areas we protect in the Madre de Dios region would no longer exist today, or in the coming years, were it not for our work. In Canada: Everyone is aware of the value of the Amazon rainforest and the threats it faces. Yet hardly anyone speaks of the forgotten ecosystem of the temperate rainforest in British Columbia: This is home to the world’s last large contiguous area of temperate rainforest ( DellaSala, 2010 ). And yet British Columbia, of all places, is one of the last jurisdictions in the world that still permits the large-scale felling of ancient giant trees aged between 600 and 1,800 years ( Wu, 2019 ). The main causes of this are the timber industry, agriculture and the construction of infrastructure. The Ancient Forest Alliance ’s online map (2016) provides a striking visualisation of how deforestation in south-eastern BC had progressed by 2016. In his independent expert report , Rainer Kant of BAUM e.V. has confirmed that the last remaining undisturbed areas of temperate rainforest in Canada are under threat from logging companies seeking timber, agricultural corporations expanding farmland, urban sprawl, construction and infrastructure, and Canada’s withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol – and therefore require our protection. If we lose the last remaining intact rainforests, this will have catastrophic consequences for our planet. The concept of planetary boundaries states that there are certain ecological limits; exceeding these endangers the stability of the Earth’s ecosystem and, consequently, the future of humanity. Numerous studies show that we are well on the way to exceeding at least five of the nine planetary boundaries, also known as ‘tipping points’. One of these is the loss of the tropical rainforest. We are already feeling the effects of climate change, but we still have the chance to avert the worst consequences, as the summary of the book ‘ Earth for All ’ shows.

Question 46

Why should I get involved in nature conservation in Canada?

Accepted Answer

70 per cent of Canada consists of large natural areas. 34 per cent of the country is covered by forest, 53 per cent of which is virgin forest (1,2). Everyone is aware of the threats facing the Amazon rainforest and its value. Yet at the same time, hardly anyone talks about Canada’s forgotten ecosystem: British Columbia (BC) is home to the world’s last large contiguous area of temperate rainforest (3). Unlike in Germany, there is still virgin forest there. And yet, unfortunately, the timber industry in Canada is one of the most important economic sectors, and BC, of all places, is one of the last jurisdictions on earth that continues to permit the large-scale felling of 600–1,800-year-old primeval forest giants (4). Between 2003 and 2010, deforestation in BC alone was responsible for annual CO 2 emissions of 49.5 megatonnes (5), more than the whole of Finland. Consequential problems include the erosion of nutrient-rich soils, a lack of rainfall, low water levels in rivers, a loss of air filters and water reservoirs, a heated microclimate, the loss of entire genetic libraries, the disruption of salmon spawning cycles in Canada, and increasing global CO 2 emissions, which contribute to climate change. Around 13 per cent of global CO 2 emissions stem from deforestation (6), far more than from the aviation sector (7). A unique and species-rich natural environment The temperate rainforest is a unique ecosystem. Its primeval forests are home to a unique diversity of species and giant trees that are thousands of years old. Rare ghost orchids are native to this area, as are bears, wolves and eagles. Wilderness is the only place where countless species can find a suitable habitat. This is because the older forests become, the greater their genetic diversity and the better the reproductive capacity of their inhabitants. In this way, primeval forests guarantee the survival of countless species and are essential for the conservation of biodiversity (8). Only by preserving existing natural habitats can biodiversity spread out from there once more. This is an essential prerequisite for the restoration and rehabilitation of damaged forests, land and soils, particularly those affected by desertification, drought and flooding. Following deforestation, some functional groups – such as fungi, lichens and beetles – take up to 180 years to recover and never again reach the levels found in a primeval forest. These slow recovery rates of certain functional groups, which are essential for the functioning of the ecosystem, make primary forests an irreplaceable resource for biodiversity (9). Climate protection Temperate rainforests are global leaders in CO 2 sequestration. Trees and peatlands, some of which are up to 2,000 years old, play a crucial role in climate protection. Nowhere else do trees and forest peatlands sequester as much CO 2 – over 60 kg per square metre in the Misty Forest! Furthermore, trees with a large diameter store disproportionately large amounts of carbon (10). By protecting them, we ensure that the carbon remains sequestered and does not return to the atmosphere as CO 2 , where it would accelerate global warming. Greenhouse gases are distributed evenly throughout the atmosphere. According to the principle of carbon neutrality, it is therefore irrelevant where emissions are produced or avoided. What matters far more is that the global concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is reduced. Furthermore, we safeguard other important functions of the forest that contribute to a stable climate: for example, its cooling and water-storage functions, without which vital rainfall would be absent, leading to increasingly hot and dry conditions. Furthermore, forests produce vital oxygen and filter the air. Protecting Canadian rainforests is therefore a tangible contribution to climate protection. Wilderness has positive global effects The protection of wilderness areas has many positive effects: stable rainfall, clean air, clear water, biodiversity, climate preservation, havens of peace for retreat and recreation, fantastic landscapes, space for adventure and challenge, and a reconnection with our roots. Where we protect these places has no bearing on the extent to which we can benefit from these positive effects. There is still wilderness in Canada In Germany, too, there were once primeval forests with ancient trees stretching across the entire country. The fact that nothing remains of them today shows that wilderness cannot be taken for granted. It is our responsibility to protect the remaining wilderness areas, no matter where they are. Saying thank you to nature The natural balance can only be maintained if we stop merely taking and start giving as well. It is therefore time to finally give back to nature. Let’s say thank you for everything it provides us with – let’s protect it. Legal certainty and lasting protection Canada is a country governed by the rule of law with strict regulations on property rights. This makes arbitrary expropriation impossible. Unlike in countries with less robust legal certainty, causing damage therefore results in comprehensive sanctions. The British Columbia Trespass Act clearly prohibits trespassing on private land. Violations are prosecuted in court upon complaint, even if no damage has been caused. A fence, natural boundaries or signs should be in place, which is why our plots of land are marked with signs. Furthermore, due to their remoteness and the fact that the area is undeveloped, our protected areas can only be reached at great financial, material and time-related expense, and not without risk. We monitor the protected areas during regular expeditions. The land is purchased by Wilderness International and our Canadian sister foundation, Wilderness International (Canada), through registration in the land register. Our articles of association stipulate, in accordance with the foundation’s purpose, that the plots of land must be left untouched and may only be visited for research and documentation purposes. The foundation’s structure prevents the rights to dispose of the property from resting with a single individual. Rather, the foundation – and therefore its land – always belongs to all those involved with the foundation at any given time. This ensures the long-term protection of the purchased areas. We always pay for the purchase of plots of land up front. Your donation refinances the purchase. In this way, we ensure that your donation is used to protect precisely the piece of woodland that you have chosen. Imminent threat Only around 25 per cent of the original area of temperate rainforest remains in Canada. These remaining areas are exposed to various threats: Logging in primeval forests Agricultural land is displacing the forests Urban sprawl and the construction of infrastructure such as roads Canada’s withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol See also ‘Why no local projects?’ and ‘Why aren’t Canadians taking action themselves?’ Sources: 1: Mongabay (2010). Canada Forest Information and Data. Retrieved on 4 February 2022. 2: Watson, James E. M., Allan, James R. et al. (2018). Protect the last of the wild. Nature 563, pp. 27–30 (2018). 3: DellaSala, D.A. (ed.), 2010. Temperate and boreal rainforests of the world: Ecology and Conservation, Island Press, Washington, D.C. 4: Wu, K., 14 September 2019. What will it take to save B.C.’s old-growth forests?, Vancouver Sun, Vancouver. 5: Wieting, J., 2015. B.C. Forest Wake-Up Call: Heavy Carbon Losses Hit 10-Year Mark, Sierra Club BC, Victoria. 6: Quarks (2018). Why the destruction of the rainforest is worse than you think. 7: Ritchie, H. (2020). Climate change and flying: what share of global CO 2 emissions come from aviation? Our World in Data. 8: Gibson, L., Lee, T.M., et al. (2011). Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity. *Nature* 478, 378–381 (2011). 9: Spake, R., Ezard, T.H.G., Martin, P.A. et al. (2015). A meta-analysis of functional group responses to forest recovery outside the tropics. 10: Mildrexler, D. J., Berner, L. T., Law, B. et al. (2020). Large trees dominate carbon storage in forests east of the Cascade Crest in the United States’ Pacific Northwest. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 3(20).

Question 47

Why is it important to donate NOW?

Accepted Answer

The rainforests in Peru and Canada are among the last 2.8 per cent of intact wilderness areas on our planet – and are, unfortunately, under acute threat ( Plumptre et al., 2021 ). 10–15 per cent of all annual emissions are caused by the destruction of these forests and their peatlands – which is why we must act now! Numerous studies confirm the threat to the rainforests in Peru and Canada. Everyone is aware of the value of – and the threat to – the Amazon rainforest. Yet hardly anyone talks about the forgotten ecosystem of British Columbia: It is home to the world’s last large contiguous area of temperate rainforest ( DellaSala, 2010 ). And yet, of all places, British Columbia is one of the last jurisdictions in the world that still permits the large-scale felling of primeval giants aged between 600 and 1,800 years ( Wu, 2019 ). Between 2003 and 2010, deforestation in BC was responsible for higher annual CO 2 emissions than the whole of Finland ( Wieting, 2015 ). The main causes of this are the timber industry, agriculture and infrastructure development. The Ancient Forest Alliance ’s online map (2016) provides a striking visualisation of how deforestation in south-eastern BC had progressed by 2016. If we lose the last remaining intact rainforests, this will have catastrophic consequences for our planet. The concept of planetary boundaries states that there are certain ecological limits; exceeding these endangers the stability of the Earth’s ecosystem and, consequently, the future of humanity. Numerous studies show that we are well on the way to exceeding at least five of the nine planetary boundaries, also known as ‘tipping points’. One of these is the loss of the tropical rainforest. We can already feel the effects of climate change, but we still have the chance to avert the worst consequences, as the summary of the book ‘Earth for All’ shows.

Question 48

Why should I get involved in nature conservation in Peru?

Accepted Answer

Unique and biodiverse natural environment The tropical rainforest of the Madre de Dios region is a unique ecosystem. Its primeval forests are home to the world’s greatest biodiversity. Nowhere else on Earth has such a diversity of life forms developed. Mysterious jaguars and playful monkeys are just as much at home here as clumsy tapirs and vine-draped jungle giants. There are ten times as many reptiles and amphibians here as in Germany; around 10 per cent of the world’s bird species can be observed here; and in one hectare of forest, you can find more tree species than in the whole of Europe – to name but a few examples. Climate preservation The rainforest plays a major role in the greenhouse effect – the warming of the atmosphere – in two ways. Firstly, large quantities of CO 2 are sequestered in the rainforest’s biomass. When the forest is cleared, huge amounts of CO 2 are released into the atmosphere, where they contribute further to climate change. This happens, for example, through slash-and-burn practices, which are unfortunately still carried out – for instance, to make way for cattle farms – and which release very large quantities of CO 2 . Estimates suggest that around 10–15 per cent of annual CO 2 emissions are attributable to slash-and-burn practices. Furthermore, tropical forests are of paramount importance for the climate because they balance out temperature differences and regulate global rainfall patterns. Greenhouse gases are distributed evenly throughout the atmosphere. According to the principle of carbon neutrality, it is therefore irrelevant where emissions are produced or reduced. What matters far more is that the global concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is reduced. Protecting Peruvian rainforests is therefore a tangible contribution to climate protection. You can find out more here Wilderness has positive global effects The protection of wilderness areas has many positive effects: stable rainfall, clean air, clear water, biodiversity, climate preservation, havens of tranquillity for retreat and relaxation, fantastic landscapes, space for adventure and challenge, and a reconnection with our roots. Where we protect these places has no bearing on the extent to which we can benefit from these positive effects globally. There is still wilderness in Peru Wilderness, or unspoilt nature, is the only place where natural processes can unfold undisturbed. It is only here that countless species find a suitable habitat. Wilderness areas are therefore a refuge where species can survive in the long term. When nature reserves are established, biodiversity can spread outwards from there. In Germany, too, there were once primeval forests with ancient trees stretching across the entire country. The fact that nothing remains of them today shows that wilderness cannot be taken for granted. It is our responsibility to protect the remaining wilderness areas, wherever they may be. Saying thank you to nature The natural balance can only be maintained if we stop merely taking and start giving in return. It is therefore time to finally give back to nature. Let us say thank you for everything it provides us with – let us protect it. Legal certainty and permanent protection The land is purchased by Wilderness International and our sister foundations, Wilderness International Peru and Wilderness International (Canada), via entry in the land register. Our articles of association stipulate, as part of the foundation’s purpose, that the plots of land must be left untouched and may only be visited for research and documentation purposes. The foundation’s structure prevents the rights to dispose of the property from resting with any single individual. Rather, the foundation – and therefore its land – always belongs to all those involved with the foundation at any given time. This ensures the long-term protection of the purchased areas. We always pay for the purchase of plots of land up front. Your donation is used to refinance the purchase. In this way, we ensure that your donation is used to protect precisely the piece of woodland you have selected. In Peru, board member Chris Kirkby is on the ground working with our partner organisation, Fauna Forever. In addition, as part of our forest ranger programme, the local community monitors the protection of these areas and thereby earns a living. Imminent threat The scientific community describes the effects of rainforest destruction as the greatest natural disaster since the last Ice Age. According to the FAO, around 10 million hectares of tropical rainforest were lost each year between 2015 and 2020, with the Amazon region suffering the most damage annually (FAO and UNEP 2020). Amazon Conservation (ACCA) estimates that over 2 million hectares of primary forest were lost in the nine participating countries in 2020 – an area the size of Israel. Peru holds the grim distinction of ranking third in this regard (Finer/Mamani 2020). The extinction of a single plant species is often linked to the extinction of a further 10 to 30 animal and plant species, as most organisms in the rainforest are interdependent (Spitzer et al. 2004). Millions of species have thus disappeared along with the forest in recent decades. The remaining areas are exposed to various threats, such as gold mining, deforestation and slash-and-burn farming, or conversion to cattle pasture.

Question 49

Why doesn’t Wilderness International have the DZI charity seal of approval?

Accepted Answer

In March 2015, our Foundation Council and Executive Board decided that Wilderness International would not apply for the DZI charity seal, but would instead join the Transparent Civil Society Initiative. This decision is based, amongst other things, on the recommendations for action set out in the master’s thesis by our long-standing Chair of the Foundation Board, Ellen Weiland, on the topic of ‘Responsible Management in the Foundation Sector – Deriving Recommendations for Action Using the Example of Wilderness International’. Key points arguing against applying for the DZI Donation Seal: Misallocation of donation funds to cover the costs of applying for certification a high workload and financial burden for a small foundation run like an NGO “In addition to examining the state of the relationship of trust between the stakeholders and the foundation, it was necessary to clarify whether it is ethically correct to spend part of the donations collected on the costs of applying for the DZI Donation Seal. From the foundation management’s perspective, this amounts to a misuse of funds, as the management fulfils its responsibility to use the donated funds for their intended purpose in a very specific and correct manner and should not have to factor in any costs in the form of time and resources for submitting the extensive documentation required to apply for the donation seal.” – Ellen Weiland, Senior Manager in the Charitable Sector – Deriving a recommendation for action using Wilderness International as an example Furthermore, there are also large, very well-known organisations recognised as charitable that do not hold a DZI donation seal, such as BUND, WWF and Grüne Liga. Since 2023, however, we have held the PHINEO Wirkt! seal, of which we are very proud. Find out more here: What is the PHINEO Wirkt! seal? To reassess our impact, we also commissioned a comprehensive process assessment from BAUM e.V. in the spring of 2025. BAUM is a non-profit business network in Europe that promotes sustainable business practices and climate protection. The assessment was carried out by Rainer Kant, a qualified forester and Senior Advisor for Biodiversity and Ecosystems at BAUM e.V., one of Germany’s leading sustainability experts in this field. You can find out more about the assessment here .

Question 50

How are the donations used?

Accepted Answer

Here’s what happens with a €1 donation (figures are based on actual expenditure since the organisation was founded): 38 cents: Land purchase and the purchasing process In addition to the cost of purchasing the land, this figure includes costs such as those for the solicitor and the land registry entry, as well as property tax. 19 cents: Preparing for land purchase – identifying, researching and documenting relevant nature reserves In ‘rapid assessments’, we work with researchers to determine the area’s biodiversity and CO 2 storage capacity. Aerial images taken by drones help us to document the areas. 20 cents: Environmental education and communication This portion goes directly towards our projects, such as wilderness runs and environmental education projects with schools, workshops and our website. 18 cents: Long-term protection and research Through regular visits, local partnerships and forest rangers on the ground, the ecological integrity of the areas is monitored and safeguarded. Environmental ambassadors and scientists visit the areas, conduct joint research and experience the forest they are protecting. 5 cents: Administrative costs Numerous donations in kind also enable us to keep costs for equipment and events to a minimum. For example, companies support our wilderness runs and other activities by providing water, catering, tables, van hire, public transport tickets and promotional support. We also frequently receive in-kind donations of equipment, clothing and food for our expeditions.

Question 51

1m 2 = €1 – Why is that so cheap compared to Germany?

Accepted Answer

Protecting 1 m² of virgin forest for just €1 through Wilderness International may seem surprisingly cheap compared with the high land prices in Germany. However, there are several reasons for this, which are linked to the conditions in the conservation areas: Affordable land prices in the target regions Wilderness International safeguards primeval forests in regions such as Peru or Canada, where economic pressure on land is much lower than in Germany. These areas are often remote and unsuitable for construction projects or industrial use, which keeps prices low. In Germany, by contrast, land is in extremely high demand, particularly in regions used for economic purposes or with developed infrastructure, which leads to high prices. Lack of infrastructure Our protected areas are often located in remote regions lacking infrastructure. Developing these areas for economic purposes would entail significant financial expenditure. This further reduces the purchase price, but does not mean that nobody is interested in these areas or in developing them. On the contrary, it is now becoming increasingly profitable – or even necessary – for companies and individuals to develop such areas as well. Large, unspoilt areas The protected areas in Peru and Canada consist of vast, contiguous areas of virgin forest. Purchasing large tracts of land significantly reduces the average cost per square metre. In Germany, by contrast, there are only a few unspoilt or contiguous nature reserves, which drives up the cost per square metre. Differing demand and land use In countries such as Germany, land is valuable for agriculture, urban development or commercial use. This places significant economic pressure on land. In Wilderness International’s conservation regions, demand for such uses is significantly lower, particularly in remote forested areas. Efficient conservation strategies Wilderness International works with local partners and employs sustainable approaches to secure and manage the protected areas. This minimises running costs. By focusing on legally secure land acquisition and long-term protection, there are no additional costs for leases or expensive maintenance, as is the case in Germany. No profit-oriented use The aim of the conservation projects is the long-term preservation of nature, not economic gain. Consequently, many costs that would arise from commercial land use are avoided. The organisation uses donations specifically to fund the conservation of the areas alone, without unnecessary administrative or profit-related costs. Negotiation skills Those in charge at Wilderness International negotiate as effectively as possible to agree on a price that is acceptable to the foundation, whilst also ensuring a fair price for the sellers, who are mostly local. In Peru, for example, we pay an average of €0.10 per square metre in raw land costs (i.e. excluding costs for solicitors, notaries, etc.). Symbolic cost of €1 per m² The figure of €1 per square metre is deliberately set low to make the protection provided to donors tangible and accessible. The actual costs per square metre may in some cases be slightly higher, but these are offset by efficient management. Conclusion: The price of €1 per m² reflects not only the lower costs in remote regions, but also the efficiency of Wilderness International’s work. In countries such as Germany, land is more expensive due to pressure from land use, construction projects and urban sprawl, whilst the remote virgin forest regions in Peru and Canada are less intensively exploited economically and are therefore cheaper to protect.

Question 52

Where can I see the protected areas?

Accepted Answer

We have an online map showing the locations of our conservation areas. Our latest aerial photographs are available there. You can see their outlines and which areas are already permanently protected through sponsorship schemes. Click here for the online map for Peru (Secret Forest – Tambopata). Click here for the online map for Canada (Misty Forest – North Coast). Click here for the online map for Canada (Misty Forest – Mountains (Grizzly Forest – Toba Valley)) . You can also visit our protected areas digitally in our Interactive Forest and get a first-hand impression for yourself. When you make a donation to us, you’ll receive a certificate containing the exact geographical coordinates of the plot of land you’ve helped protect within one of our protected areas.

Question 53

What would happen to the land if Wilderness International suddenly stopped receiving donations?

Accepted Answer

If Wilderness International were to stop receiving donations, the protected areas would continue to be safeguarded through a number of mechanisms. Legal safeguards : The land is registered in the land registry and is owned by the foundation. This means it cannot be sold or used, even if the organisation were to face financial difficulties. Foundation structure : The foundation is designed to operate in the long term. Even without new donations, the organisation remains obliged to maintain the protection of the areas. Collaboration with local partners : Indigenous communities and local partners are involved in the protected areas and can, to some extent, ensure their protection independently of the foundation. Option of transfer : Should Wilderness International cease to be operational, responsibility would be transferred to a similar organisation pursuing the same purpose.

Question 54

What rights of disposal apply to the land purchased?

Accepted Answer

The land is purchased by our three sister foundations in Germany, Canada and Peru through entry in the land register. Wilderness International therefore holds sole rights of disposal. Our articles of association stipulate, in accordance with the foundation’s purpose, that the plots of land must be left undisturbed and may only be visited for research and documentation purposes. They may not be resold. The foundation’s structure ensures that the rights to dispose of the property do not rest with any single individual. Rather, the foundation – and therefore its land – always belongs to all those involved in the foundation at any given time.

Question 55

What does ‘legally compliant’ mean at Wilderness International?

Accepted Answer

We protect land exclusively through purchase with registration in the land register and in countries with a high level of legal certainty (i.e. sound legislation and political institutions). The land is purchased by our three sister foundations in Germany, Canada and Peru. Consequently, Wilderness International holds the sole right of disposal. Our articles of association stipulate, as part of the foundation’s purpose, that the plots of land must be left untouched and may only be visited for research and documentation purposes. They cannot be resold. The foundation’s structure ensures that the rights to dispose of the property do not rest with any single individual. Rather, the foundation – and therefore its land – always belongs to all those involved with the foundation at any given time. Those who donate to us are not buying the forest; instead, their donations finance the purchase and enable us to protect the forest areas in the long term. We always pay in advance and only collect donations once the area is already in our possession.

Question 56

How is the upkeep of the plots of land funded after purchase?

Accepted Answer

All long-term and future costs are already factored into the donation for conservation per square metre. The costs incurred after the land has been purchased are comparatively low, for example for the salaries of forest rangers in Peru or for expeditions aimed at monitoring, research, environmental education and communication. We already finance the majority of the property taxes for our nature reserves from the annual returns on Wilderness International’s share capital.

Question 57

How can I be sure that Wilderness International isn’t engaging in greenwashing?

Accepted Answer

In the field of nature conservation, it is often extremely difficult for outsiders to distinguish between effective projects and greenwashing. However, there are certain quality criteria against which reputable forest conservation projects can be assessed. These include additionality, measurability, uniqueness, permanence, verifiability and compliance with social and environmental standards. You can find out more about these quality criteria here . We are committed to maximum transparency and demonstrable success: In 2023, as part of a thorough, six-month process, we were assessed for the PHINEO Wirkt! seal to ensure that our work actually delivers the results we claim. To reassess our impact, we commissioned a comprehensive process assessment from BAUM e.V. in spring 2025. BAUM is a non-profit business network in Europe that promotes sustainable business practices and climate protection. The assessment was carried out by Rainer Kant, a qualified forester and Senior Advisor for Biodiversity and Ecosystems at BAUM e.V., one of Germany’s leading sustainability experts in this field. We are also signatories to the Transparent Civil Society Initiative. Through this, we commit to disclosing our financial figures. More information on this can be found here . We georeference every donation and regularly publish impact reports to ensure that you are fully informed about how your donations are being used. Looking ahead, we have also planned projects designed to make the rainforest and the impact of your donation even more transparent to you, even from a distance.

Question 58

What is the PHINEO Wirkt! seal?

Accepted Answer

The non-profit organisation AG Phineo offers an independent and reliable assessment of the effectiveness of social engagement. In doing so, it saves private donors and companies – who are looking for projects that deliver real impact – the time-consuming and laborious task of conducting their own research. The Phineo “Wirkt!” seal confirms that our work has a verifiable impact and that we are a high-performing and transparent organisation. To obtain it, we underwent a six-month, four-stage assessment by independent experts. As a donor or partner, you can therefore be confident that your contribution will be put to effective use by us. You can find out more about the PHINEO ‘Wirkt!’ seal and the analysis process here .

Question 59

Why doesn’t Wilderness International have the DZI charity seal of approval?

Accepted Answer

In March 2015, our Foundation Council and Executive Board decided that Wilderness International would not apply for the DZI charity seal, but would instead join the Transparent Civil Society Initiative. This decision is based, amongst other things, on the recommendations for action set out in the master’s thesis by our long-standing Chair of the Foundation Board, Ellen Weiland, on the topic of ‘Responsible Management in the Foundation Sector – Deriving Recommendations for Action Using the Example of Wilderness International’. Key points arguing against applying for the DZI Donation Seal: Misallocation of donation funds to cover the costs of applying for certification a high workload and financial burden for a small foundation run like an NGO “In addition to examining the state of the relationship of trust between the stakeholders and the foundation, it was necessary to clarify whether it is ethically correct to spend part of the donations collected on the costs of applying for the DZI Donation Seal. From the foundation management’s perspective, this amounts to a misuse of funds, as the management fulfils its responsibility to use the donated funds for their intended purpose in a very specific and correct manner and should not have to factor in any costs in the form of time and resources for submitting the extensive documentation required to apply for the donation seal.” – Ellen Weiland, Senior Manager in the Charitable Sector – Deriving a recommendation for action using Wilderness International as an example Furthermore, there are also large, very well-known organisations recognised as charitable that do not hold a DZI donation seal, such as BUND, WWF and Grüne Liga. Since 2023, however, we have held the PHINEO Wirkt! seal, of which we are very proud. Find out more here: What is the PHINEO Wirkt! seal? To reassess our impact, we also commissioned a comprehensive process assessment from BAUM e.V. in the spring of 2025. BAUM is a non-profit business network in Europe that promotes sustainable business practices and climate protection. The assessment was carried out by Rainer Kant, a qualified forester and Senior Advisor for Biodiversity and Ecosystems at BAUM e.V., one of Germany’s leading sustainability experts in this field. You can find out more about the assessment here .

Question 60

How are local communities involved in Wilderness International’s projects?

Accepted Answer

We are absolutely convinced that it is only by working together with the people of the region that we can protect the primeval forests in Canada and Peru in a sustainable way. We are also committed to social sustainability and therefore involve as many stakeholders as possible in forest conservation. Local projects in Peru increase acceptance amongst landowners and offer them the opportunity to continue supporting the region’s natural environment in the future. We have also set up a forest ranger programme with local people. Our Forest Guardians regularly patrol the forest areas, ensure their protection, maintain contact with the local community, and, together with our researchers, develop environmental education materials and assist with biodiversity monitoring. To protect the Madre de Dios region sustainably, minimise the causes of deforestation and develop alternative sources of income together with local families, we launched our agroforestry project in December 2023 and joined forces with two local agroforestry pioneers – Camino Verde and Fundo Ten Paciencia. The aim of the project is to train farmers in agroforestry and sustainable farming practices. In addition, the WI Peru team has launched an environmental education project designed to instil in local people a greater understanding of and enthusiasm for the rainforest and its inhabitants, and to provide them with arguments as to why it is important to actively protect this fragile ecosystem. This includes themed events in towns and communities, various projects in schools, and visits by schoolchildren directly to our research station in the Secret Forest. In Canada, our existing protected areas are uninhabited, as they are quite isolated. The Wilderness International Canada team consists mainly of Canadians who are also promoting environmental education and our conservation goals within the country, for example through partnerships with organisations such as whale-watching agencies, which raise awareness of complex ecological interrelationships, or other local research or nature conservation organisations. In the past, we have organised environmental ambassador programmes, through which German school pupils were able to engage with local people and First Nations on environmental conservation issues. We hope to be able to resume these programmes in the future. Looking ahead, we do not rule out the possibility of jointly purchasing plots of land for nature conservation purposes together with Indigenous peoples or First Nations in Canada. It is very important to us that this collaboration takes place on an equal footing. Naturally, we would never displace anyone from their homeland for the sake of nature conservation. If our approach helps local people (whether Indigenous or not) to combine environmental protection with their traditions, ways of life and sustainable livelihoods, then we see such partnerships as a wonderful opportunity to generate synergies. The involvement of local communities in our projects is also highlighted by Rainer Kant of BAUM e.V. in his independent process assessment : “The integrative approach is evident in the way Wilderness International links various sectors of society: environmental and climate protection are combined with educational work, technological innovations and economic financing models. Businesses, schools, researchers and local indigenous communities are actively involved, thereby creating synergies between civil society, the business sector and academia.”

Question 61

How does Wilderness International calculate the 60 kg of CO 2 sequestered per 1,m 2 of rainforest, and how much does a German forest sequester by comparison?

Accepted Answer

To measure CO 2 sequestration in the protected areas, Wilderness International uses the scientifically recognised method of calculating above-ground living biomass. This method is also used, for example, for greenhouse gas reporting on German forests. Using so-called allometric equations, the actual biomass at the sites can be determined by converting easily measurable parameters, such as tree circumferences. Allometry describes the relationship between various tree measurements and biomass. Despite detailed measurements on long-term study plots within the protected areas, the actual values vary depending on the time and place of measurement. Therefore, a general approximate value of 60 kg CO 2 perm 2 has been established. Our protected areas are expected to sequester a further 0.5 kg of CO 2 per square metre per year. In addition to our measurements, we carry out regular, transparent updates using high-resolution drone surveys, biodiversity research findings and periodic re-measurements of the long-term biomass plots in the forests to determine the amount of CO 2 stored and the growth rate. If you’d like to know exactly how we did it, you’re welcome to read here about how we measured and calculated everything. The independent process assessment by Rainer Kant (BAUM e.V.) has confirmed that our calculations regarding the CO 2 storage capacity of our protected areas and the annual growth are plausible. “ [The calculation] falls within the upper range of typical values for intact primary forests in the tropics and in temperate rainforests – and is particularly realistic when, as is the case with WI, 1) old, intact stands are protected, 2) deforestation or degradation is ruled out, and 3) a mixed land-use approach is applied for Peru and Canada [...].” By comparison, German forests sequester 5.4 tonnes of CO 2 per hectare (see the Federal Forest Inventory and Carbon Inventory ). This means that an average forest in Germany sequesters around 0.54 kg of CO 2 per square metre.

Question 62

Why don’t you sell CO 2 credits for forest conservation in Germany?

Accepted Answer

We regard CO 2 allowances as problematic for a variety of reasons and have therefore decided not to trade in them. Germany participates in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. This means that Germany’s forests are already factored into the country’s national emission reduction targets (also known as Nationally Determined Contributions, or NDCs for short). For this reason, CO 2 credits, such as those issued by VERRA and the Gold Standard , essentially constitute double counting in Germany. We regard such practices as extremely dangerous for forest conservation worldwide. Due to the disregard for principles and guidelines by a small number of actors, the entire global carbon credit trade is now suffering from an image problem, because this lumps honest and effective projects together with greenwashing, making it difficult to distinguish between them without expert knowledge. The situation has now become so complex that we have decided to steer well clear of the issue of certificates. This is primarily because our forest conservation goes beyond mere CO 2 offsetting to include all other ecosystem services. Nevertheless, in the long term it will make sense to develop certificates for forest conservation in Germany and Europe that go beyond the legal requirements. This could include, for example, leaving biomass on the land, reducing vehicle traffic, encouraging more natural regeneration, etc. – in other words, criteria that offer genuine ecological added value.

Question 63

What does Wilderness International mean by ‘carbon offsetting’?

Accepted Answer

Emissions – whether avoidable or not – can be offset, for example, by conserving natural areas that are still intact. In these areas, large quantities of CO 2 are sequestered in living biomass. The CO 2 storage capacity of areas within ecosystems can be calculated. This makes it possible to establish a direct link between the volume of CO 2 offsetting and the area of natural habitat to be protected. For example, the temperate rainforest of western Canada is the world champion of CO 2 sequestration. Wilderness International has researched how much CO 2 is sequestered by the huge primeval forest trees there: over an area of 128 m², the temperate rainforest in our protected areas sequesters 13 tonnes of CO 2 . This roughly corresponds to the annual carbon footprint of a European. The CO 2 emitted worldwide is also reabsorbed by the intact forests in our protected areas, although the exact amount remains unknown, as we have not yet been able to record the growth satisfactorily. We can therefore only quantify how much carbon is already sequestered and will remain sequestered through the protection of these areas. What is far more important, moreover, is that the aim is not merely to offset CO 2 and thereby halt global warming, but to halt climate change as a whole and preserve life on Earth itself. In this endeavour, forests and trees are our most important allies. We can only achieve this with the help of the many vital functions that forests fulfil for a stable climate, the biodiversity they harbour, and the livelihoods they provide – all of which we can only preserve by protecting existing, intact forests. You can read more about this under the question: How does the rainforest offset my CO 2 emissions?

Question 64

What options do I have for offsetting my CO 2 emissions once the calculation has been carried out?

Accepted Answer

Once the calculation is complete, you have the option to offset your emissions by providing tangible, long-term protection for a specific area of Peru’s tropical rainforest. By protecting these areas, we prevent the release of the large quantities of CO 2 stored there, whilst at the same time preserving habitats and biodiversity. Find out more here: How does the rainforest offset my CO 2 emissions? The areas you protect have been legally acquired in advance by Wilderness International and are safeguarded for the long term through land registry entries and a long-term trust structure. In return for your donation, which helps to finance the purchase of these areas, you will receive a certificate stating the exact geographical coordinates of the protected forest area, so that you can see exactly where it is located. If you choose to offset your CO 2 emissions with us, you’ll receive a detailed report and our CO 2 certificate, which you can use to show that you’ve offset your carbon footprint.

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